Biology tutor near me in Long Beach, CA

The Tutor and Student reviewed the innate immune system, covering physical and chemical barriers, and the formed elements of the blood that constitute the second line of defense. They discussed cytokines as immune cell messengers and detailed the process of phagocytosis, including its various stages. The next session is planned to continue the discussion on inflammation.

The Student and Tutor reviewed the Citric Acid Cycle, covering its location, two main stages (oxidation of acetyl-CoA and regeneration of oxaloacetate), and key intermediates and enzymes. They discussed specific steps including citrate formation, isomerization, oxidative decarboxylation, and the production of energy carriers like NADH, FADH2, and GTP. The next session will be dedicated to the Electron Transport Chain (ETC), and the Student was assigned to revise the Citric Acid Cycle for a potential test.

The class covered the anatomy of the cerebral arterial supply, detailing the carotid and vertebral-basilar systems and their branches, including the Circle of Willis. The tutor provided mnemonics to aid in memorizing these complex vascular pathways and their stroke territories, with plans for the student to review this information and practice problems before the next session.

The session covered the initial stages of cellular respiration, including glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. The Tutor used whiteboard explanations to detail the mechanisms, enzyme involvement, and products of each stage. The Student expressed a desire to watch animation videos for better visualization, and the next session was scheduled to review these concepts and proceed to the electron transport chain.

The Tutor and Student covered photosynthesis, energy flow in ecosystems, and fermentation, with a brief discussion of cellular respiration. The Student reviewed the processes and their importance, including the 10% energy transfer rule and consumer types. The next session will continue the discussion of cellular respiration.