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The Student and Tutor reviewed carbonyl substitution reactions, including reaction mechanisms for carboxylic acid derivatives and nucleophilic addition in aldehydes and ketones. They discussed the reactivity differences between aldehydes and ketones and reasons for those differences. The Tutor will send handwritten notes for review, and the Student will practice questions and send any doubts before exams.

The session covered the derivatives of carboxylic acids, their preparation methods, and their reactivity. The Student learned about the reactions of acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, esters, and amides, focusing on the mechanisms involved in these reactions. The Tutor assigned to continue with notes and additional reactions in the next session.

The session covered the definition, nomenclature, and methods of preparation of carboxylic acids. The student practiced naming dicarboxylic acids and explored oxidation reactions of primary alcohols and aldehydes to form carboxylic acids. The tutor assigned reviewing the syllabus and tentatively scheduled the next class.

The session involved reviewing the Student's organic chemistry test, focusing on areas where the Student made mistakes. The Tutor explained concepts such as skeletal structures, nucleophiles/electrophiles, resonance, structural isomers, and IUPAC nomenclature. The Student was assigned practice questions on structural isomers and identifying secondary and tertiary positions, with a follow-up session planned to review the upcoming final exam.

The Tutor and Student discussed stereochemistry, including identifying chiral centers, assigning R and S configurations, and differentiating between enantiomers and diastereomers. They worked through examples, and the Tutor assigned a worksheet for further practice. The Student is to specify the next topic to be covered.

The session focused on substitution reactions, covering bond cleavage, carbo cation and radical stability, hyperconjugation, and radical mechanisms. The student reviewed initiation, propagation, and termination steps in radical reactions and the factors affecting product distribution. The next session will cover practice questions related to substitution reactions and organometallic compounds; the student will provide reference questions in advance.