Biology Tutor Specializing in Genetics, Microbiology, and Cell Biology, physiology and anatomy

The Tutor and Student reviewed cellular metabolism, focusing on the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, nucleic acid and protein synthesis, fermentation, and the catabolism of lipids and proteins. They discussed how various macromolecules are broken down to produce energy intermediates like acetyl-CoA and how these pathways are interconnected.

The Tutor and Student reviewed a biology booklet covering cell structure, molecular biology concepts like DNA and protein structure, and advanced techniques such as DNA fingerprinting. They practiced applying these concepts through problem-solving examples and planned to cover cell organelles in more detail in the next session.

The Tutor and Student reviewed the electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, and the overall ATP yield from glucose metabolism. They clarified the differences between substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation and discussed the principles of anaerobic respiration and fermentation. The next steps will involve covering lipid and protein catabolism, photosynthesis, and potentially continuing with fermentation details.

The tutor and student reviewed the stages of cellular respiration, specifically glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs cycle. They discussed the key molecules, enzymes, and energy outputs (ATP, NADH, FADH2) at each step, with a focus on understanding the breakdown of glucose. The next session is planned to cover the electron transport chain.

The session covered the initial stages of cellular respiration, including glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. The Tutor used whiteboard explanations to detail the mechanisms, enzyme involvement, and products of each stage. The Student expressed a desire to watch animation videos for better visualization, and the next session was scheduled to review these concepts and proceed to the electron transport chain.

The Tutor and Student reviewed concepts in organic chemistry, focusing on electrophilic addition, nucleophilic substitution, and electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. They practiced identifying reaction mechanisms, predicting products, determining reactivity orders, and analyzing directing effects of substituents on benzene rings. The Tutor offered to send practice problems for further study.