🧬Biology with 🎨Creativity and 🧠Imagination ! I simplify complex IB, IGCSE, and AP Biology using vibrant, 🦠colourful diagrams.

Student and Tutor reviewed the S-phase of the cell cycle and were introduced to the concepts of somatic cells, germ cells, and the distinction between diploid (2N) and haploid (N) chromosome states. They then revisited the G1, S, and G2 phases of interphase and began an in-depth discussion on the initial stage of mitosis, prophase. The session ended slightly early due to technical issues and time constraints, with plans to continue from prophase in the next class.

The Student and Tutor began a new unit on Cell Division, covering the stages of the cell cycle, DNA replication, and chromosome structure. They discussed the significance of the G0 phase and the differentiation between quiscent and terminally differentiated cells. The session ended with the Student expressing a desire to continue the lesson in the next class.

Student and Tutor reviewed the fundamental structure of amino acids and the hierarchical organization of proteins (primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures). They discussed peptide bond formation and used hemoglobin as an example of a quaternary protein. The session concluded with a discussion on shifting to Unit 2 material next, which may include meiosis and inheritance, and a general study plan strategy was shared.

The session thoroughly covered the functions of proteins, including their roles as enzymes, transport proteins, structural elements, hormones, defense mechanisms, and motor/contractile components. The Tutor then introduced the basic structure of amino acids, explaining their components and how the variable R group accounts for the diversity of proteins. The Student was encouraged to note down specific topics from an upcoming call with their school biology teacher and to ensure they could access the class PDF book for future lessons.

The session focused on the functions of proteins, including their roles as enzymes, transport proteins, and structural components. The Student and Tutor reviewed specific examples of each, discussing their biological processes and locations within the body, referencing a textbook PDF. For homework, the Student was advised to read the remaining sections on protein functions in the PDF and review the provided blackboard screenshots, emphasizing focusing on diagrams and highlighted text in the textbook.

The session covered various cell organelles, including mitochondria, lysosomes, and chloroplasts, detailing their functions and structures. The Tutor also introduced Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), explaining its steps, components, and application in DNA amplification. The student was advised to obtain the textbook for upcoming units.