English Tutor at Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Brazil

Rafaella taught Kathryn about cellular respiration, focusing on fermentation (alcoholic and lactic acid) as an anaerobic alternative to glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. She explains how the body uses fats and proteins for energy when glucose is unavailable. The lesson then transitions to photosynthesis, the reverse of cellular respiration, where plants use light energy to create glucose. The discussion covers light, the electromagnetic spectrum, pigments (chlorophyll, lycopene, carotene), and how they affect color perception, setting the stage for a future lesson on chloroplasts and photosynthesis.

Rafaella taught Kathryn about the process of cellular respiration, including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Kathryn learned about ATP production in each stage and where each process takes place within the cell. They agreed to continue with ATP production, photosynthesis, and cellular division in the next session, and Kathryn was assigned to review the ATP production amounts and locations.

Rafaella tutored Kathryn on the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis, covering energy flow in ecosystems, autotrophs vs. heterotrophs, and aerobic respiration vs. fermentation. The lesson detailed glycolysis and the role of ATP. They planned to continue with cellular respiration and begin photosynthesis in the next session.

Rafaella tutored Alexandra on fundamental concepts in genetics and evolution, including population vs. species, gene function, and the role of mutation. They explored micro- and macroevolution, taxonomic classification, and evidence from fossils and molecular biology. Alexandra has an exam on Thursday and will review her Canvas to decide on the next session's topic.

Evan and Rafaella reviewed DNA, RNA, protein synthesis, and mutations. Rafaella explains how mutations (substitution, insertion, deletion) can disrupt protein synthesis and gene expression, citing examples like radiation exposure. She then explains gene expression, highlighting how cells with the same DNA differentiate by activating/deactivating specific genes based on environmental factors and bodily needs, using examples like skin color and digestion. Transcription factors regulate this process, and they will discuss operons in bacteria next class.

Rafaella tutored Kathryn on the central concepts of DNA replication, transcription, and translation. The session included a review of DNA structure, the roles of key enzymes in replication, and the consequences of mutations, with a focus on cancer and genetic disorders. Kathryn practiced applying these concepts through targeted questions.