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Anjali tutored Ashley on electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions, including reaction mechanisms, directing effects, and substituent effects. They discussed specific reactions like halogenation, Friedel-Crafts, nitration, and sulfonation, as well as benzyne mechanisms and methods for benzyne generation. They scheduled the next session for Wednesday at 1 p.m.

Anjali is teaching Ashley about aromaticity, anti-aromaticity, and non-aromaticity in cyclic compounds. They cover Hückel's rule (4n+2), planarity, conjugation, exceptions like cyclooctatetraene, and aromaticity in heterocycles, including the role of lone pairs. Anjali also introduces Frost circles for visualizing aromaticity and explains Birch reduction, focusing on how substituents (electron-donating/withdrawing) influence the position of remaining double bonds. They briefly touch on NBS bromination and postpone aromatic substitution discussion.

Anjali is teaching Ashley about ether and epoxide chemistry. They cover Williamson ether synthesis (alkoxide + alkyl halide via SN2), ether reactions with acids (C-O bond cleavage, aryl ether resistance, SN1/SN2 considerations), and epoxide formation (using Br2/H2O then base, and using mCPBA with stereospecificity). The discussion emphasizes reaction mechanisms, common mistakes, and the importance of identifying nucleophiles and electrophiles.

Anjali and Ashley discussed alcohol formation using hydroboration-oxidation, oxymercuration-demercuration, and hydration, then moved on to Grignard reagents, covering their reactions with aldehydes, ketones, and esters. Ashley practiced drawing reaction products and mechanisms. They concluded with a discussion of Grignard reagent preparation and scheduled a follow-up session for Sunday to discuss reduction reactions.

Anjali tutored Ashley on the preparation of alcohols from alkenes, covering hydration, hydroboration-oxidation, and mercuration-demercuration. They reviewed Markovnikov's rule, anti-Markovnikov's rule, carbocation stability, and stereochemistry, including syn and anti addition. They worked through examples, and plan to continue with the remaining alcohol preparation methods next session.

Anjali and Ashley discussed E1 and E2 elimination reactions in organic chemistry, covering mechanisms, stereochemistry, and factors influencing each pathway. Ashley will practice problems on substitution and elimination and send her notes to Anjali for review.