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The Tutor and Student engaged in a detailed discussion comparing indirect tax systems, specifically VAT in Austria and Denmark with GST in India. They examined the core concepts of indirect taxation, its role in public finance, and the structural differences in implementation, compliance, and digital infrastructure across these countries. The session also outlined the research objectives and methodology for a comparative study.

The tutor and student focused on narrowing down the research scope for a thesis, ultimately selecting Denmark for a comparative analysis of tax systems. They discussed key tax concepts, including direct vs. indirect taxes, VAT, and the Input Tax Credit (ITC) mechanism, and the role of digitalization in tax administration. The tutor will draft a proposal based on these discussions for the student to submit.

The Tutor and Student discussed a comparative analysis of indirect tax systems, focusing on VAT in Austria and the EU versus GST in India. They examined policy structures, compliance models, and economic effects. The next session will finalize the comparison country and refine the proposal and table of contents.

The session focused on preparing the student to write a thesis proposal comparing VAT systems in EU countries with India's GST. Key topics discussed included the types of taxes (direct vs. indirect), the evolution of VAT systems, input tax credits, and progressive vs. regressive tax systems. The next session is scheduled to further develop the thesis proposal.

The session reviewed bad debt expense, allowance for doubtful accounts, and related journal entries. The student worked through several problems involving the calculation and recognition of bad debt expense, as well as the aging of accounts receivable. The Tutor assigned homework problems to further practice these concepts.

The student and tutor reviewed bad debt expenses, accounts receivable, and methods for estimating and recording uncollectible accounts. They worked through several problems involving journal entries, net realizable value calculations, and aging reports. The student was assigned to complete the remaining questions for review in the next session.